How to Use SFTP Command for Files Transfer

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is a secure file protocol that is used to access, manage, and transfer files over an encrypted SSH transport.

When compared with the traditional FTP protocol, SFTP offers all the functionality of FTP, but it is more secure and easier to configure.

Unlike SCP , which supports only file transfers, the SFTP allows you to perform a range of operations on remote files and resume file transfers.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to use the Linux sftp command.

Before you Begin

To be able to transfer files via SFTP you must have write permission on the remote system.

When transferring large files, it is recommended to run the sftp command inside a screen or tmux session.

The directory from where you run the sftp command is the local working directory.

Establishing an SFTP connection

SFTP works on a client-server model. It is a subsystem of SSH and supports all SSH authentication mechanisms.

To open an SFTP connection to a remote system, use the sftp command followed by the remote server username and the IP address or domain name:

# sftp remote_username@server_ip_or_hostname

If you are connecting to the host using password authentication, you will be prompted to enter the user password.

Once connected, you will be presented with the sftp prompt, and you can start interacting with the remote server:

OUTPUT
Connected to remote_username@server_ip_or_hostname.
sftp>

If the remote SSH server is not listening on the default port 22 , use the -P option to specify the SFTP port:

OUTPUT
sftp -P custom_port remote_username@server_ip_or_hostname

SFTP Commands

Most of the SFTP commands are similar or identical to the Linux shell commands.

To get a list of all available SFTP commands, type help, or ?.

sftp> help

This will output a long list of all available commands, including a short description of each command:

OUTPUT
Available commands:
bye                                Quit sftp
cd path                            Change remote directory to 'path'
...
...
version                            Show SFTP version
!command                           Execute 'command' in local shell
!                                  Escape to local shell
?                                  Synonym for help

Navigating with SFTP

When you are logged in to the remote server, your current working directory is the remote user home directory. You can check that by typing:

sftp> pwd

OUTPUT
Remote working directory: /home/remote_username

To list the files and directories, use the ls command:

sftp> ls

To navigate to another directory, use the cd command. For example, to switch to the /tmp directory you would type:

sftp> cd /tmp

The above commands are used to navigate, and work on the remote location.

The SFTP shell also provides commands for local navigation, information and file management. The local commands are prefixed with the letter l.

For example, to print the local working directory, you would type:

sftp> cd lpwd

OUTPUT
Local working directory: /home/local_username

Transferring Files with SFTP

SFTP allows you to transfer files between two machines securely.

If you are working on a desktop machine, you can use a GUI SFTP client like WinSCP or FileZilla to connect to the remote server and download or upload files.

The sftp command is useful when you work on a server without GUI, and you want to transfer files or perform other operations on the remote files.

Downloading Files with the SFTP Command

To download a single file from the remote server, use the get command:

sftp> get filename.zip

The output should look something like this:

OUTPUT
Fetching /home/remote_username/filename.zip to filename.zip
/home/remote_username/filename.zip                           100%   24MB   1.8MB/s   00:13

When downloading files with sftp, the files are downloaded to the directory from which you typed the sftp command.

If you want to save the downloaded file with a different name, specify the new name as the second argument:

sftp> get filename.zip local_filename.zip

To download a directory from the remote system, use the recursive -r option:

sftp> get -r remote_directory

If a file transfer fails or is interrupted, you can resume it using the reget command.

The syntax of reget is the same as the syntax of get:

sftp> reget filename.zip

Uploading Files with the SFTP Command

To upload a file from the local machine to the remote SFTP server, use the put command:

sftp> put filename.zip

The output should look something like this:

OUTPUT
Uploading filename.zip to /home/remote_username/filename.zip
filename.zip                          100%   12MB   1.7MB/s   00:06

If the file you want to upload is not located in your current working directory, use the absolute path to the file.

When working with put you can use the same options that are available with the get command.

To upload a local directory, you would type:

sftp> put -r locale_directory

To resume an interrupted upload:

sftp> reput filename.zip

File Manipulations with SFTP

Typically, to perform tasks on a remote server, you would connect to it via SSH and do your work using the shell terminal. However, in some situations, the user may have only SFTP access to the remote server.

SFTP allows you to perform some basic file manipulation commands. Below are some examples of how to use the SFTP shell:

• Get information about the remote system’s disk usage :df Size Used Avail (root) %Capacity 20616252 1548776 18002580 19067476 7%
• Create a new directory on the remote server:mkdir directory_name
• Rename a file on the remote server:rename file_name new_file_name
• Delete a file on the remote server:rm file_name
• Delete a directory on the remote server:rmdir directory_name
• Change the permissions of a file on the remote system:chmod 644 file_name
• Change the owner of a file on the remote system:chown user_id file_nameYou must supply the user ID to the chown and chgrp commands.
• Change the group owner of a remote file with:chgrp group_id file_name

Once you are done with your work, close the connection by typing bye or quit.

Conclusion

_{In this tutorial, we have shown you how to use the sftp command to download and upload files to your remote SFTP server.}

_{You may also want to set up an SSH key-based authentication and connect to your Linux servers without entering a password. If you are regularly connecting to the same systems, you can simplify your workflow by defining all of your connections in the SSH config file .}

_{Feel free to leave a comment if you have any questions or feedback.}